Vector Network Analysis¶
Vector network analysis is an RF characterization method that measures the complex scattering parameters of a two-port network. Reflection and transmission of a 50 Ω stimulus are recorded versus frequency, with magnitude and phase. Filters, antennas, cables, and connectorized boards are the usual devices.
How vector network analysis works¶
The analyzer sources an RF wave at port 1 or port 2 and measures the outgoing and returning waves. S11 and S22 are reflections. S21 and S12 are transmissions. Calibration moves the reference plane to the device.
The Keysight E5063A is a two-port, 50 Ω, Type-N ENA. Frequency options run from 100 kHz–500 MHz to 18 GHz. Catalogue typical dynamic range is about 122 dB (100 MHz–4.35 GHz, IFBW 10 Hz) and typical trace noise about 0.002 dB rms (8 MHz–4.35 GHz, IFBW 70 kHz). Calibration methods listed: SOLT, TRL, unknown thru, waveguide, ECal, adapter removal/insertion. Interfaces: USB, LAN; optional GPIB.
Which frequency option is fitted is not asserted.
When to use vector network analysis¶
- Antenna return loss
- Filter insertion and rejection
- Cable and connector characterisation
- Passive 50 Ω components
- Board impedance with the PCB-analyzer option, if that option is actually installed
What vector network analysis cannot do¶
- It is not a low-frequency LCR measurement. Below 100 kHz, and for C–V with DC bias, use the E4990A.
- It is not a spectrum analyzer. It does not measure an unknown transmitter's emissions.
- The top frequency is option dependent. Do not assume 18 GHz.
- A wafer needs probes. See on-wafer probing.
The E5063A at MPaCT Lab, Flagstaff, Arizona¶
The MPaCT Lab at Northern Arizona University holds a Keysight E5063A ENA vector network analyzer in Flagstaff, Arizona. The catalogue lists frequency options from 100 kHz to 500 MHz through 18 GHz, two Type-N 50 Ω ports, typical dynamic range about 122 dB, and typical trace noise about 0.002 dB rms.
The equipment catalogue currently lists the VNA as expected rather than available. Confirm live status, and which frequency option is fitted, on the catalogue page.
When the tool is in service it is available to NAU researchers, external academic users, and industry partners, on a fee-for-service basis or as a trained hands-on user.
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 100 kHz to 500 MHz / 1.5 / 3 / 4.5 / 6.5 / 8.5 / 14 / 18 GHz (option dependent) |
| Ports | 2-port S-parameter, 50 Ω, Type-N |
| Dynamic range (typ.) | ~122 dB at 100 MHz–4.35 GHz, IFBW 10 Hz |
| Trace noise (typ.) | ~0.002 dB rms at 8 MHz–4.35 GHz, IFBW 70 kHz |
| Calibration | SOLT, TRL, unknown thru, waveguide, ECal, adapter removal |
| Interfaces | USB, LAN; optional GPIB |
Figures follow the equipment catalogue and Keysight's E5063A specification.
Full E5063A specifications and booking →
Sample requirements¶
- Form. A connectorized two-port, a cable, or an antenna with a known connector. Type-N at the instrument; adapters are part of calibration.
- Calibration kit. Say the connector family. ECal is faster if the right module exists.
- Power. Passive parts are the documented use. Active devices need a conversation about damage levels.
Frequently asked questions¶
What is a vector network analyzer?¶
A vector network analyzer measures how a device reflects and transmits an RF stimulus, as complex S-parameters versus frequency. Magnitude and phase are both recorded. A scalar power meter does not replace it. The E5063A is a two-port, 50 ohm instrument with Type-N connectors.
What frequency range is installed on the E5063A?¶
Keysight sells eight options from 100 kHz to 500 MHz up to 18 GHz. The catalogue lists that full option set and does not name which option is fitted. This page does not pick one. Ask staff, or read the live catalogue, before planning a measurement above a few gigahertz.
What is the difference between a VNA and an impedance analyzer?¶
Ports and band. The E4990A reports component impedance on a bridge from 20 Hz to 120 MHz, with DC bias. The E5063A reports S-parameters of a 50 ohm network from 100 kHz upward. Capacitors and dielectrics start on the impedance analyzer. Antennas, filters, cables, and boards start here.
Why are my S-parameters wrong after I connected the cables?¶
Calibration plane. SOLT, TRL, unknown thru, waveguide, ECal, and adapter removal are listed on the catalogue page. An uncalibrated cable is part of the measurement. Calibrate at the plane you care about, then do not disturb the cables.
Can the VNA measure a wafer?¶
Not by itself. On-wafer RF is the MPI TS200 plus appropriate probes, which may be connected to a VNA. A packaged connectorized part can go straight on the E5063A Type-N ports. A bare die cannot.
Request time on this instrument¶
MPaCT Lab - Building 98E, South Engineering Lab
561 E Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Phone: 928-523-2343 · Email: mpct.nano@nau.edu